Summary
In the race for rare earths, China holds a near-unbreakable grip. It produces the bulk of the world’s output, controls most global refining and processing capacity, and makes nearly all of the most important rare-earth magnets used in EVs, wind turbines, smartphones and military systems. Other countries are trying to break free and take control of their supply chains — pouring money into domestic capabilities, cutting fresh deals with allies, and even recycling mining and electronic waste. The payoff, however, could take decades to materialise.
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